Important Articles of the Constitution
Articles----> Subject
Part I Art. 1-4----> The Union and its territory.
Part II Art. 5-11----> Citizenship
Part III----> Fundamental Rights
Art. 12----> Definition
Art. 13----> Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Art. 12----> Definition
Art. 13----> Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Right to Equality
Art. 14----> Equality before law
Art. 15----> Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Art. 16----> Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Art. 17----> Abolition of untouchability
Art. 18----> Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom
Art. 19----> Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Art. 20----> Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Art. 21----> Protection of life and personal liberty
21A.----> Right to education
Art. 22----> Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right against Exploitation
Art. 23----> Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Art. 24----> Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Art. 25----> Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
Art. 26----> Freedom to manage religious affairs
Art. 27----> Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Art. 28----> Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights
Art. 29----> Protection of interests of minorities
Art. 30----> Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
Saving of certain Laws
Art. 31A----> Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
Art. 31B----> Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Art. 31C----> Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Art. 32----> Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
Art. 33----> Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
Art. 34----> Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
Art. 35----> Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy
Art. 36----> Definition
Art. 37----> Application of the principles contained in this Part
Art. 38----> State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
Art. 39----> Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Art. 39A----> Equal justice and free legal aid
Art. 40----> Organisation of village panchayats
Art. 41----> Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
Art. 42----> Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Art. 43----> Living wage, etc. for workers
Art. 43A----> Participation of workers in management of industries Art.
43B----> The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies.
Art. 44----> Uniform civil code for the citizens
Art. 45----> Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
Art. 46----> Promotion of educational and economic interest of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
Art. 47----> Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
Art. 48----> Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
Art. 48A----> Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
Art. 49----> Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
Art. 50----> Separation of judiciary from executive
Art. 51----> Promotion of international peace and security
Part lVA Art. 51A Fundamental Duties
Part V The Union
Chapter-I : The Executive
Art. 52----> The President of India
Art. 53----> Executive power of the Union
Art. 54----> Election of President
Art. 61----> Procedure for impeachment of the President
Art. 63----> The Vice-President of India
Art. 64----> The Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States
Art. 65----> The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence of President
Art. 66----> Election of Vice-President
Art. 72----> Power of President to grant pardons, etc. and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Art. 74----> Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
Art. 76----> Attorney-General for India
Chapter-II : Parliament
Art. 79----> Constitution of Parliament
Art. 80----> Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
Art. 81----> Composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)
Art. 83----> Duration of Houses of Parliament
Art. 84----> Qualification for membership of Parliament
Art. 85----> Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
Art. 86----> Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
Art. 87----> Special address by the President
Art. 88----> Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses
Art. 89----> The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
Art. 90----> Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
Art. 93----> The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
Art. 94----> Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Art. 95----> Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
Art. 98----> Secretariat of Parliament
Art. 99----> Oath or affirmation by members
Art. 100----> Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Art. 105----> Powers, privileges, etc. of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
Art. 106----> Salaries and allowances of members
Art. 107----> Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
Art. 108----> Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
Art. 109----> Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Art. 110----> Definition of "Money Bills"
Art. 111----> Assent to Bills
Art. 112----> Annual financial statement (Budget)
Art. 113----> Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
Art. 114----> Appropriation Bills
Art. 115----> Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Art. 116----> Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
Art. 117----> Special provisions as to financial Bills
Art. 118----> Rules of procedure
Art. 119----> Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
Art. 120----> Language to be used in Parliament
Art. 121----> Restriction on discussion in Parliament
Art. 122----> Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
Chapter - III Legislative Powers of the President
Art. 123----> Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
Chapter-IV : The Union Judiciary
Art. 124----> Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
Art. 125----> Salaries, etc. of Judges
Art. 126----> Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Art. 127----> Appointment of ad hoc Judges
Art. 128----> Attendence of retired Judge at sittings of the Supreme Court
Art. 129----> Supreme Court to be a Court of record
Art. 130----> Seat of Supreme Court
Art. 131----> Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court
Art. 132----> Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in certain cases
Art. 133----> Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in regard to civil matters
Art. 134----> Appellate jurisdicition of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
Art. 134A----> Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
Art. 135----> Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
Art. 136----> Special leave to
appeal by the Supreme Court
Art. 137----> Review of judgement
s or orders by the Supreme Court
Art. 138----> Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Art. 141----> Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all Courts
Art. 143----> Power of President to consult Supreme Court
Art. 144----> Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
Chapter-V : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Art. 148----> Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Art. 149----> Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
Part VI The States
Art. 152-237----> The Government at the State level : The Executive, The State Legislature, The High Courts and Subordinate Courts
Part VIII----> Art. 239-241 The Union Territories
Part IX ----> Art. 243 to 243-0 The Panchayats
Part IXA----> Art. 243-P to 243-ZG The Municipalities
Part IXB----> Art. 243-ZH to 243-ZT The Co-operative Societies
Part X ----> Art. 244-244A The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part XI ----> Art. 245-263 Relations between The Union and the States
Part XII ----> Art. 264-300 Finance, property, contracts and suits; Distribution of revenue between Union and States; Finance Commission; Borrowing, Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits
Art. 300A----> Right to Property
Part XIII----> Art. 301-307 Trade, commerce and intercourse within India
Part XIV ----> Services Under The Union and The States
Art. 309----> Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
Art. 310----> Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
Art. 311----> Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
Art. 312----> All-India Services
Art. 315----> Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
Art. 316----> Appointment and term of office of members
Art. 317----> Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
Art. 318----> Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
Art. 320----> Functions of Public Service Commissions
Art. 321----> Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
Art. 323----> Reports of Public Service Commissions
Part XIVA Art. 323A-323B Tribunals
Part XV Elections
Art. 324----> Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
Art. 325----> No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
Art. 326----> Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
Art. 327----> Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to legislatures
Art. 328----> Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
Art. 329----> Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters
Part XVI Art .330-342 Special provisions for certain classes
Part XVII Art. 343-351 Official languages
Part XVIII Art. 352 - 360 Emergency Provisions
Part XIX Miscellaneous
Art. 361A----> Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures
Art. 363----> Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
Art. 363A----> Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
Art. 364----> Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes Art. 365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
Part XX Art. 368 Amendment of the Constitution
Part XXI Art. 369-392 Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Special status of States
Part XXII Art. 393-395 Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals
Schedules of the Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India at the time of its adoption had only eight Schedules to which four more were added during the succeeding sixty-five years.
1st Schedule : 28 States and 7
Union Territories with Territorial demarcations
2nd Schedule :
Part 'A' : Salary and emoluments of the President and Governors of the States
Part 'B' : Omitted
Part 'C' : Salary and emoluments of the Speaker / Deputy Speaker or Chairman / Vice Chairman of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies or Councils.
Part 'D' : Salary and emoluments of the judge of the Supreme Court and High Courts
Part 'E' : Salary and emoluments of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India
3rd Schedule : Forms of oath and affirmations of members of legislatures, ministers and judges.
4th Schedule : Allocation of seats to States and Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha.
5th Schedule : Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and STs.
6th Schedule : Administration of Tribal Areas of North-Eastern States
7th Schedule : Distribution of power between the Union and the State Government. (Union List, State List and Concurrent List)
8th Schedule : Description of 22 languages recognised by the Constitution.
9th Schedule : Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
10th Schedule : Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection (Anti-defection Law introduced by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act.). This Schedule followed latest developments by 91st amendment to the constitution in 2003.
11th Schedule : Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats, 29 subjects over which the Panchayats have jurisdiction (refer to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act).
12th Schedule : Powers, authority and responsiblities of Municipalities, 18 subjects over which the Municipalities have jurisdiction (refer to the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act).
Articles----> Subject
Part I Art. 1-4----> The Union and its territory.
Part II Art. 5-11----> Citizenship
Part III----> Fundamental Rights
Art. 12----> Definition
Art. 13----> Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Art. 12----> Definition
Art. 13----> Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Right to Equality
Art. 14----> Equality before law
Art. 15----> Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Art. 16----> Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Art. 17----> Abolition of untouchability
Art. 18----> Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom
Art. 19----> Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Art. 20----> Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Art. 21----> Protection of life and personal liberty
21A.----> Right to education
Art. 22----> Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right against Exploitation
Art. 23----> Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Art. 24----> Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Art. 25----> Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
Art. 26----> Freedom to manage religious affairs
Art. 27----> Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Art. 28----> Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights
Art. 29----> Protection of interests of minorities
Art. 30----> Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
Saving of certain Laws
Art. 31A----> Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
Art. 31B----> Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Art. 31C----> Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Art. 32----> Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
Art. 33----> Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
Art. 34----> Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
Art. 35----> Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy
Art. 36----> Definition
Art. 37----> Application of the principles contained in this Part
Art. 38----> State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
Art. 39----> Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Art. 39A----> Equal justice and free legal aid
Art. 40----> Organisation of village panchayats
Art. 41----> Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
Art. 42----> Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Art. 43----> Living wage, etc. for workers
Art. 43A----> Participation of workers in management of industries Art.
43B----> The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies.
Art. 44----> Uniform civil code for the citizens
Art. 45----> Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
Art. 46----> Promotion of educational and economic interest of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
Art. 47----> Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
Art. 48----> Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
Art. 48A----> Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
Art. 49----> Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
Art. 50----> Separation of judiciary from executive
Art. 51----> Promotion of international peace and security
Part lVA Art. 51A Fundamental Duties
Part V The Union
Chapter-I : The Executive
Art. 52----> The President of India
Art. 53----> Executive power of the Union
Art. 54----> Election of President
Art. 61----> Procedure for impeachment of the President
Art. 63----> The Vice-President of India
Art. 64----> The Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States
Art. 65----> The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence of President
Art. 66----> Election of Vice-President
Art. 72----> Power of President to grant pardons, etc. and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Art. 74----> Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
Art. 76----> Attorney-General for India
Chapter-II : Parliament
Art. 79----> Constitution of Parliament
Art. 80----> Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
Art. 81----> Composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)
Art. 83----> Duration of Houses of Parliament
Art. 84----> Qualification for membership of Parliament
Art. 85----> Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
Art. 86----> Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
Art. 87----> Special address by the President
Art. 88----> Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses
Art. 89----> The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
Art. 90----> Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
Art. 93----> The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
Art. 94----> Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Art. 95----> Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
Art. 98----> Secretariat of Parliament
Art. 99----> Oath or affirmation by members
Art. 100----> Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Art. 105----> Powers, privileges, etc. of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
Art. 106----> Salaries and allowances of members
Art. 107----> Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
Art. 108----> Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
Art. 109----> Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Art. 110----> Definition of "Money Bills"
Art. 111----> Assent to Bills
Art. 112----> Annual financial statement (Budget)
Art. 113----> Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
Art. 114----> Appropriation Bills
Art. 115----> Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Art. 116----> Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
Art. 117----> Special provisions as to financial Bills
Art. 118----> Rules of procedure
Art. 119----> Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
Art. 120----> Language to be used in Parliament
Art. 121----> Restriction on discussion in Parliament
Art. 122----> Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
Chapter - III Legislative Powers of the President
Art. 123----> Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
Chapter-IV : The Union Judiciary
Art. 124----> Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
Art. 125----> Salaries, etc. of Judges
Art. 126----> Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Art. 127----> Appointment of ad hoc Judges
Art. 128----> Attendence of retired Judge at sittings of the Supreme Court
Art. 129----> Supreme Court to be a Court of record
Art. 130----> Seat of Supreme Court
Art. 131----> Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court
Art. 132----> Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in certain cases
Art. 133----> Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in regard to civil matters
Art. 134----> Appellate jurisdicition of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
Art. 134A----> Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
Art. 135----> Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
Art. 136----> Special leave to
appeal by the Supreme Court
Art. 137----> Review of judgement
s or orders by the Supreme Court
Art. 138----> Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Art. 141----> Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all Courts
Art. 143----> Power of President to consult Supreme Court
Art. 144----> Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
Chapter-V : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Art. 148----> Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Art. 149----> Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
Part VI The States
Art. 152-237----> The Government at the State level : The Executive, The State Legislature, The High Courts and Subordinate Courts
Part VIII----> Art. 239-241 The Union Territories
Part IX ----> Art. 243 to 243-0 The Panchayats
Part IXA----> Art. 243-P to 243-ZG The Municipalities
Part IXB----> Art. 243-ZH to 243-ZT The Co-operative Societies
Part X ----> Art. 244-244A The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part XI ----> Art. 245-263 Relations between The Union and the States
Part XII ----> Art. 264-300 Finance, property, contracts and suits; Distribution of revenue between Union and States; Finance Commission; Borrowing, Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits
Art. 300A----> Right to Property
Part XIII----> Art. 301-307 Trade, commerce and intercourse within India
Part XIV ----> Services Under The Union and The States
Art. 309----> Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
Art. 310----> Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
Art. 311----> Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
Art. 312----> All-India Services
Art. 315----> Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
Art. 316----> Appointment and term of office of members
Art. 317----> Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
Art. 318----> Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
Art. 320----> Functions of Public Service Commissions
Art. 321----> Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
Art. 323----> Reports of Public Service Commissions
Part XIVA Art. 323A-323B Tribunals
Part XV Elections
Art. 324----> Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
Art. 325----> No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
Art. 326----> Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
Art. 327----> Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to legislatures
Art. 328----> Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
Art. 329----> Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters
Part XVI Art .330-342 Special provisions for certain classes
Part XVII Art. 343-351 Official languages
Part XVIII Art. 352 - 360 Emergency Provisions
Part XIX Miscellaneous
Art. 361A----> Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures
Art. 363----> Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
Art. 363A----> Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
Art. 364----> Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes Art. 365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
Part XX Art. 368 Amendment of the Constitution
Part XXI Art. 369-392 Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Special status of States
Part XXII Art. 393-395 Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals
Schedules of the Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India at the time of its adoption had only eight Schedules to which four more were added during the succeeding sixty-five years.
1st Schedule : 28 States and 7
Union Territories with Territorial demarcations
2nd Schedule :
Part 'A' : Salary and emoluments of the President and Governors of the States
Part 'B' : Omitted
Part 'C' : Salary and emoluments of the Speaker / Deputy Speaker or Chairman / Vice Chairman of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies or Councils.
Part 'D' : Salary and emoluments of the judge of the Supreme Court and High Courts
Part 'E' : Salary and emoluments of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India
3rd Schedule : Forms of oath and affirmations of members of legislatures, ministers and judges.
4th Schedule : Allocation of seats to States and Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha.
5th Schedule : Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and STs.
6th Schedule : Administration of Tribal Areas of North-Eastern States
7th Schedule : Distribution of power between the Union and the State Government. (Union List, State List and Concurrent List)
8th Schedule : Description of 22 languages recognised by the Constitution.
9th Schedule : Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
10th Schedule : Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection (Anti-defection Law introduced by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act.). This Schedule followed latest developments by 91st amendment to the constitution in 2003.
11th Schedule : Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats, 29 subjects over which the Panchayats have jurisdiction (refer to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act).
12th Schedule : Powers, authority and responsiblities of Municipalities, 18 subjects over which the Municipalities have jurisdiction (refer to the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act).
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